Mppsc,Pre_Unit-7, (Environmental Pollution_PartA), Crucial Facts

§Pollution:- "It is an addition or excessive addition of certain materials to physical environment, making it unfit for life."

§Pollutants:- "These are factors or materials- which cause adverse impact on natural quality of environment."

∆} Primary Pollutants:- These persist in the form in which they are added to the environment.

Examples:- DDT, Plastics.

∆} Secondary Pollutants:- These are formed by interaction among primary pollutants.

Examples:- PAN + N2O& Hydrocarbons 

∆}PAN:- Peroxyacetyl Nitrate

∆} Qualitative Pollutants:- Don't occur in nature and man-made.

Examples:- Fungicide, Herbicide & DDT.

∆} Quantitative Pollutants:- Occur in nature & become pollutant when their concentration reaches beyond threshold level.

Examples:- CO2, NO.

∆} Biodegradable Pollutants:- These're waste products , which are degraded by microbial action.

Examples :- Sewage 

∆}Non-Biodegradable Pollutants:- Pollutants which are not degraded by microbial action.

Examples :- Plastics, Glass , DDT & Radioactive Substances.

∆} As per origin, 

#) Natural Pollutants 

#) Anthropogenic Pollutants 

∆} As per Form, 

#) Primary Pollutants 

#) Secondery Pollutants

∆} As per, their " Existence in nature"

#) Qualitative Pollutants 

#) Quantitative Pollutants 

∆} As per, their "Nature of Disposal"

#) Bio-degradable

#) Non Bio-degradable 

∆} Causes of Pollution:- 

#) Uncontrolled growth in Human Population.

#) Industrialisation

#) Urbanization

#) Uncontrolled exploitation of nature

#) Forest fires, Winds , Radioactivity & Eruptions.

§AIR POLLUTION§

∆} It is aggravated because of 4 development :-

Increasing Traffic, Growing Cities, Industrialisation 

& Rapid Economic Development.

∆} Presence in atmosphere of one or more contaminants, dangerous to-  Human Health, Animals & Plants.

∆} Air Pollution can cause - Health problems, Damage the Environment.

∆} Carbon Monoxide:-

#) Colourless, Odourless gas

#) Produced by incomplete burning of Petrol , Diesel & Wood.

#)Also produced from - combustion of natural & synthetic products like Cigarette.

#) It makes us - Confused & Sleepy.

∆} Carbon Di Oxide:-

#) Principle Greenhouse gas.

#) Result of human activities as burning of coal, oil & gas.

∆} Chloroflorocarbons:-

#) Released from Air-Conditioning System & Refrigeration.

#) CFC rise to Stratosphere.

#) Lead to reduction in Ozone layer.

∆} Lead :- 

#) Present in petrol , diesel, paints & Hair dye products.

#) Mainly affects children.

#) Damage Nervous System, Digestive system & Cancer.

∆} Ozone:-

#)Occurs in upper layers of atmosphere.

#) Shields the earth from harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.

#) At ground level, it is a pollutant with highly toxic effects.

#)Major source of ozone emissions - Vehicles & Industries.

#) It causes - Smog & Acid Rain.

#) Effect- Respiratory dieses.

∆} Sulfur-Di-Oxide:- 

#) Produced from burning coal burning coal, mainly in Thermal Power Plants.

#) Major contributers to Smog & Acid Rain.

#) Lead to- Lung diseases.

∆} Smog:- #) Term 'Smog' was first used in 1905 by

Dr H.A.Des Voeux.

#) Combination of words - Fog + Smoke

#) Smog- Also known as Photochemical Smog.

#)One of the primary components - Ozone.

#) Combination of various gases with Water Vapour & Dust.

#)Occurs through - Heavy Traffic & High Temperature.

#) Deaths relating to - Bronchial Diseases.

∆} Indoor Air Pollution :-

 A) Rural:- 

#)Through Firewood , Cowdung.

#) Women & children  are most vulnerable.

#) Pollutants- CO, Polycyclic Organic Matter.

B) Urban:- 

#) Used of synthetic materials for - Building &  Furnishing.

#) Use of chemical products, Pesticides & Household Care Products.

∆} Volatile Organic Compounds:- 

#) Main indoor sources:- Perfume,  Furniture Polish ,  Hair Sprays & Glues.

#) Effect -  Irritation of eyes, nose, headache, nausea.

#) Long term - Liver damage.

∆} Tobacco:- 

#) Smoke generates - Harmful chemicals & Carcinogenic.

#) Effect - Eyes, Nose, Asthma & Lungi Cancer.

∆} Formaldehyde:-

#) Mainly from- Carpets & Insulation foam.

#) Effects- Eyes, Nose & Allergies.

∆} Radon:-

#)Gas that is emitted by soil.

#) Effect- Lungi Cancer.

∆} Fly Ash:-

#) Ash- Combustion of solid materials take place.

#) Very fine powder.

#) Composition of - Alluminium Silicate + Silicon di Oxide + Calcium Oxide.

#) Fly-ash particles are Oxide rich.

#) Advantages- 

×} Cement can be replaced by flyash.

×} Better fill material for roads .

∆} Effects on Vegetation:-

×} Retard photosynthesis.

×} Ozone- Damage chlorenchyma.

∆} Effects on the health of Human:-

∆} Control Measures:-

×} Selection of suitable fuels.

×} Conversation of pollutants to less toxic form.

×} Collection of Pollutants.

×} Use of efficient engines.

×} Use of lead free petrol.

×} Use of good quality of automobile fuels.

×}  Use of CNG (Compressed Natural Gas)

∆} Government Initiatives to curb Air Pollution:-

×} National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP)

×} National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

×} National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)

§Air Pollution in India§

∆} World's top-20 polluted cities, 13 are in the India.

∆} Ganga & Yamuna Among world's 10 most polluted cities.

∆} Concretization prevents ground water recharge thus depleting the green cover .

∆} Excessive Concretization - Weakening of trees.

∆} Measures to Mitigate Air Pollution :-

#) Euro-VI (2020)

#) Bharat Stage IV( 2015)