Mppsc, Paper-4, Part-A, Unit-1, (Updated 2024), §Charvaka§


§Introduction- 1) Charvaka school is also called as- Lokayata philosophy.

2) Considered, the founder of that school- Brihaspati.

3) Aim- Materialistic view to achieve salvation.

4) Meaning of lokayata- keen attachment to physical & material world.

5) They denied the existence of Brahma & God and only believed in those things which are palpable.

6) Pioneer of Charvaka-darshan - Ajeet Keshkambali & founder- Brihaspati.

7) Charvaka- Charu+Vaka ( Sweet Spoken).

8) As per Charvaka- "Jada Jivet Sukham Jivet, Rinam Kritva, Ghritam Pibeta."

9) Lokayata philosophy is also found in Mahabharat, but no original text is no avoidable for it.

10) He don't believe in God & afterlife, therefore his philosophy is called -Lokayata.

11) As per Sarvdarshansangriha- prime goal of life is that Happiness.

12) As per him, there're 4 factors : 1)Earth  2)Water  3)Light  4)Air, arises consciousness.



13) Consciousness is the quality of soul. There're 3-types of accomplishment- Logic, Experience& Ayurveda.
14) He considered- Four Purusharth :  Arth, Dharma, Kama & Moksha, are beneficiary for men/human body.

§Epistemology (Gyan Mimamsa) - ∆} Feeling of Happiness & Sorrow is a natural thing. Sheerly understand all things, such as - Crow( Hoarseness) & Coucal( Sweetness).


§Salvation§ 
 As per Charvakas, it is influenced by philosophy & epistemology. As long as body suffers many things that is hell & when body dies then devoid conscious. Death is Salvation.


§Charvaka Lokayata§
∆} It is loved by common people.
∆} This Philosophy looks at- every aspect of life.
∆} Charvaka Philosophy is also called -Lokayata Philosophy & Brihaspati Darshan.


§Brihasapati Darshan§
∆} Founder of Charvaka Philosophy.
∆} Another description of Brihaspati found in Mahabharat.
∆} Another description of him found in -Kamasutra.


§Charvaka's Principles§
∆} Charvaka Philosophy accepted as -Atheist Philosophy.
∆} There is nothing God, in the world. Only accepting the evidence of things not on internal things.
∆} As per him, two types of Karma- Laukika & Alaukika.
∆} He considered - Fruits of Vedas/Vedic deeds haven't been visible to anyone, yet.


§Concept of Jiva & Chaitanya§
∆} No living being is separate from body.
∆} Body is soul, itself.
∆} Destruction of conscious body is -Salvation.


§Moral principles of Charvaka§
∆} As per it, meaning of "Heroism"- Achieving Happiness is a moral act.
∆} Among 9 Indian philosophies, Charvaka is only one stand on side of Hedoism. Remaining sects declared that them undesirable & contempt.
∆} As per it, present happiness should be enjoyed, not should wait to future.
∆} It described that- Religion is the mental-illness.
∆} For them some words are meaningless- Salvation, Rebirth, Soul, God & Heaven.
∆} There is no salvation except death.


§Positive Aspects§
∆} Its totally depends on "Ihlokwad".Means, that world is ultimate true. There is no Paraloka in the world.
∆} We should determine our moral principles in the basis of this world & worldly life.
∆} It associating with Psychology & said avoid sorrows as natural part of the life & accepting the Happiness.
∆} He considers sexual pleasure as natural and makes full, the principle like calibacy.


§Negative Aspects§
∆} Biggest weakness that, he said that all happiness are in equal levels, wherein he had not described the quantitative or qualitative difference.
∆} He described the happiness of individual not described the happiness of society.


§Some crucial quotations said by Charvaka, given below, are-




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