Mppsc Pre_Unit-7, Crucial Facts (Updated_2024-25), §Plant Kingdom§

§Plant Kingdom:- " A basic group of natural objects that includes all living & extinct plants.

                          (Easy to Understand)

§Important Floral groups found in India:-

1)Algae- 

∆}Green non-differetiated plants (like- Root , Stem & Leaf ).

∆}Grow in water & moist situation.

∆} Presence of Chlorophyll.

∆} Fresh water algae -  Green & Blue-Green.

∆} Marine once are - Red & Brown.

∆} Autotrophic plants.

∆} Examples of Green-Algae:- Uluva, Clamadomonas, Spirogyra.

∆} Examples of Red Algae :- Porphyra, Gelidium.

∆} Examples of Brown Algae :- Sargassum, Laminaria.

2)Fungi:- 

∆} Non-green non-differetiated plants.

∆} Absence of Chlorophyll.

∆} Grow either on - Dead, Rotten Organic Matters as Saprophytes.

∆} Examples of Saprophytic Fungi -Moulds , Mushroom.

∆} Maximum diversity of fungi - Western-Ghats > Eastern-Ghats > Western Himalaya

3)Bacteria:-

 ∆} Non-chlorophyllous micro-organism.

∆} Lead to - Saprophytic or Parasitic existence.

∆}Many of them are - Pathogenic.

∆} They're soil-borne & many of them are used in industries.

4) Lichens:-

∆} Peculiar combination of Algae + Fungi.

∆} Group of Greyish-Green plants.

∆}Grow on Rocks , Tree-Trunks & Dead woods.

∆}Algae manufacturers food which becomes available to fungus.

∆}Most common in- Wetlands, rare in rivers & streams 

∆} Not found in Groundwater.

5) Bryophytes:- 

∆} Plant body is differenciated into small-stem & simple leaves.

∆} True roots are absent.

∆} Usually grow in moist place.

∆} Second largest group of green plants.

∆} Examples- Liverworts, Mosses.

∆} Distribution- Eastern Himalaya, Western Himalaya, Western Ghats, N-W Himalaya.

6) Pteridophytes:- 

∆} Have well differenciated plant bodies as - Roots, Stems & Leaves.

∆}They possess Vascular bundles.

∆} Most of them are terrestrial plants, flourishing in moist & sheddy places .

∆} Some of them are aquatic.

∆} North-Eastern region - rich in pteridophytic diversity.

7) Gymnosperm:- 

∆} Gymnos:Naked & Sperma:Seed (Naked Seeded Plant).

∆} Have very simple flowers.

∆}Ovules are present on the surface of carpels & pollinated by pollen grains.

∆} Pine - largest family.

∆} Pnetum & Cycus - N-E region, E&W Ghats & Andman& Nicobar.

8) Angiosperms :- 

∆} Angeion :- A case.

∆} Most highly developed plants.

∆} Carpels have:- Ovary, Style & Stigma.

Consequently, India has more than 7% of world's known flowering plants.