"Indian Saddarshan"

§Indian Saddarshan§

Introduction- #) Ayurveda incorporates the sad-darshan,the six system of Indian Philosophy -Sankhya, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, Yoga,& Vedanta.

#) Sad-darshan- Sad(Six) & Darshan (Drish), which means "to see".

#) In this sense, darshan is the inner vision as well as outer vision.

#) The six systems represent six visions of life.

"Sad-darshan: The six philosophies of life 

Philosophy                                   Founder 

1) Sankhya                                   Kapila

2)Nyaya                                        Gautam

3) Vaisheshika                             Kanada

4) Mimamsa                                Jaimini

5) Yoga                                         Patanjali 

6) Vedanta                                   Badrayana

#) Darshan is not philosophy, philosophy comes from darshan.

#) Sankhya, Nyaya & Vaisheshika,these deals with material world.

#) Mimamsa, Yoga & Vedanta observe the inner reality as an attempt to understand outer reality.They concerned more with pure philosophy & less concerned about material world.

#) All these systems lead to- Evolutionary fulfillment & Self-realization.

There're following Sad-darshan given below, are-

1) Sankhya - ×} Most notable proponent of sankhya philosophy - Kapila.

×} Term sankhya comes from San(Truth) & Khya(To know, to understand, to realise)

×} It is a philosophy to discover & understand the truth of life.

×} It postulates that, everything in reality stem from Purush& Prikriti.

×} Purush can't be modified or changed while prikriti brings change in all objects.

2) Nyaya - ×} This philosophy represented by -Gautam.

×} Nyaya means- Logic.

×} It believed in obtaining the knowledge through critical knowledge.

×} It is considered as "a technique of logical thinking".

Nyaya sutra says that, there're 4 means of attaining valid knowledge---1) Perception 2) Inference 3) Comparison & 4) Verbal testimony.

3) Vaisheshika - ×} This philosophy represented by Kanada.

×} On the basis of that philosophical school is that - All objects in the physical universe are reducible to finite number of atoms.

×} Vaisheshika system is considered as realistic and objective philosophy of universe.

×} As per this philosophy, the reality has many bases which are - Sustance, Attribute, Action, Distinct Quality & Inherence.

×} Vaisheshika thinkers believe that - all objects of the universe are composed of five elements - Earth, Water, Air, Fire & Ether.

×} They beleive that, God is the guiding principle. The living beings were rewarded or punished as per the law of karma, based on the actions of merit or demerit.

×} The Vaisheshika and Nyaya schools eventually merged, because of their closely related metaphysics theories.

4) Mimamsa - ×} Proponent of this philosophy- Jaimini.

×}  As per this philosophy, Vedas are eternal & possesses all knowledge, & religion means fulfillment of duties prescribed by Vedas.

×} It says that, the essence of Vedas is- Dharma.

×} Mimamsa means - To analyze & thoroughly understand the truth.

×} This philosophy attaining the freedom through dharma.

×} Mimamsa accentuates the teaching of  Vedas.

          a)  Purva Mimamsa- is based on initial teaching of Vedas,

          b) Uttar Mimamsa - uses later, higher teaching of vedanta, which are Upanishads.

×} It believed that, the ultimate creator of universe is God & God is the eternal, timeless & pure-existence.

 

5) Yoga - ×} Proponent of this philosophy- Patanjali.

×} Term "yoga" comes from Yuj that means- To unite.

×} Yoga means - union of lower shelf with higher shelf, the union of man with God.

×} It is a practical disciple To know self.

×} Thought is a barrier, an obstacle & a block. Yoga is one of the ways to go beyond.

×} Yoga-sutra & Ayurveda has accepted this philosophy for heading purposes.

×} There're various schools of Yoga --- 1) Bhakti Yoga 2) Gyana Yoga 3) Karma Yoga etc.

×} Patanjali's yoga sutras gives 8-methods to attain enlightenment---

1) Yama 2) Niyama 3) Asana 4) Pranayama 5) Pratyahara 6) Dharana 7) Dhyaan 8) Samadhi.

×} Patanjali's system has great therapeutic value & discipline.

×} Yogasana is a way of bringing awareness into action in perticular position.

×}  There is a communion between- Body, Mind & Consciousness.

6) Vedanta- ×} Proponent of this philosophy- Badarayan.

×} Vedanta- Veda(Knowledge) & Anta( Ending)--- Ending of knowledge.

×}  Knowledge is necessary for -- Learning, Inquiring& Investing.

×} Vedanta is a profound philosophy that Ayurveda has accepted. 

×} This philosophy is also referred to as "Upanishad" -- Upa(Near) & Nishad(To sit in the vicinity of enlightened one)

×} Vedanta uses another word for God called- Brahma, which means "Expression of consciousness".

×} Vedanta has only one principal, called - Consciousness

×} Vedanta separated into 6-sub school----

       1) Advaita {Adi Shankaracharya}

       2) Dvaita {Madhvacharya}

       3) Vishishtadvaita {Ramanuja}

       4) Dvaitadvaita {Nimbarka}

       5) Suddhadvaita {Vallabhacharya}

       6) Achintya Bheda Abheda {Chaitanya Mahaprabhu}

Essence-

#) These crucial philosophies all about visions of human life.

#) Purush(Principle of consciousness) & Prikiti(Principle of matter). These both are endless as well as independent to each other. And our systemic universe is born through matter(Prikiti).

#) Philosophy comes from darshan.