Mppsc, Paper-4, Part-A , Unit-1 (Upadated 2024), §Acharya Shankar§



§ Introduction- 1) Born- Kaladi(Kerala), 788CE.

2) Guru/Teacher- Govind Bhagavatpada.

3) Disciples- Padmapada, HastaMalak, Sureshvara.

4) Philosophy-Advaita Vedanta.

5) Founder of - Dashnami Sampradaya, Advaita Vedanta.

6) He was very brilliant. He had became saint at the age of 6 & had take sanyasa as the age of 8.
It is said that, mother didn't allow only son to become a sanyasi.
               Then one day crocodile caught a feet of Shankaracharya on the bank of river, then taking advantage of this time, he said to his mother, "Mother, permit me to take sanyasa otherwise the crocodile will eat me.
               Frightened by this, the mother immediately ordered him to become a saint & surprisingly, crocodile left the feet of him.

7) He took sanyasa from GovindNath.

8) First he stayed in Kashi for few days, then he defeated the Mandan Mishra in Shastrarth.

9) He travelled all over India and had strived for prove the Buddhism false and revived Vedic-Religion.

10) Adi-Shankaracharya- Great Philosopher & religious leader of India.

11) His commentaries on-bhagavataGita, Upanishads& VedantaSutras.

12) He founded 4-monasteries in the corners in India- which are very popular, yet - The head of these mathas are called - "Shankaracharya."
∆} Jyotishpeeth 
∆} Sringeripeeth 
∆} ShardaPeeth
∆} Puri Govardhan Peeth

13) At the of 8, he became proficient in four Vedas, at the age of 12, he was well versed in all scriptures, at the of 16,he felt shankar-bhashya & at the of 32,he left his body.

14) He reached Omkareshwar, on the bank of Narmada after long trek of Kerala. There he acquiring the education of Yoga & Advaita Brahma Knowledge from Guru Govindpada.

15) With the permission of Guru, he left for the darshan of Kashi Vishwanath, a chandala came in their way, then he got angry & asked the Chandala came in their way, then Chandala said-'O Muni!' , you neglecting a supreme soul residing in bodies, so you're not a Brahmin. Therefore, you get away from my path. 
                                                                     Acharya Shankara was very impressed after listening to diety of Chandala & said -"You have given me a knowledge, so you have become my guru."
Acharya Shankara bowed down to him, then he saw Shiva & 4Gods.
 
16) Acharya stayed few days in Kashi,he went to meet Acharya Mandana Mishra in Mashishmati Nagari (Bihar).
In the house of Mandana, pet maina used to recite the Veda-Mantras.

17) He was supporter of both- Saguna& Nirguna.

18) He composed some crucial books are- "Saundarya Lahari", "Vivek Chudamani" etc.

§Philosophy & Thoughts§
1) Shankaracharya was a great syncretist. He was credited for re-establishing & establishing of Sanatana Dharma, on one hand. 
                                         On second side, he tried to justify the worship of idol.

2)108ft high statue of Shankaracharya--Khandwa(MP).

3) Compositions - ∆} Updesh Shastri
∆} Dattatreya - Strotam
∆} Panchdashi


§Moral Thoughts of Acharya Shankara§

#) Advaita Vedanta Sect founded by Acharya Shankara became very popular in 9th century.

#) He strived to re-established the "Doctrine Of Indian Upanishads." 

#) He only embraced the God, remaining things in the world are illusion/Maya,he said.

#) As per him, the main aim of life of knowledgeable man should be to free himself from illusion & language and established the identity Brahma & God.

#) Therefore, he established four identities in four corners of India-
1) Jyotish math (Badrinath, Uttarakhand)
2) Sringeri math ( Rameshwaram, TN)
3) Sharda math ( Dwarka, GJ)
4) Govardhan math (Puri, Odisha)
To improve the ascetic community.

#) Shankaracharya's "Avataravada"- "God take incarnation, when there is loss of religion."

#) He is credited for enhancement of Hindu-religion. 

#) His personality like a -Reformer, Guru & Philosopher.

#) He gave more focus on -Knowledge.

#) "Mayavada" - is propounded by him & some glimpses of Buddhism in this.That's why , he is also called -"Prachhan-Buddha".

#) He considered-"Nishkama Karma" & "Nishkama Upashna".

#) In "Advaita Vedanta", accepting two form of Brahma - Saguna Brahma & Nirguna Brahma.


§Vedanta School§

#) 'Veda'+ 'Ant' - End of the Vedas.
#) This upholds the 'Philosophies of Life'.
#)This Philosophy evolved through "Adi Shankaracharya",in 9th century BC.

sub-schools of Vedanta-
∆} Advaita 
∆} Vishishtadvaita 
∆} Shivadvaita 
∆} Dvaita 
∆} Dvaitadvaita 
∆} Suddha-advaita 
∆} Achintya Bheda Abheda 

§Some crucial quotations said by Acharya Shankara, which given below, are-

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